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More than question dinosaurs' ability to make funny -- or fearsome -- faces, the new study, published in the journal PLOS One, also suggests an increase in the diversity and mobility of tongues could help explain the origins of flight.

...When Li and his colleagues at the Chinese Academy of Sciences and the University of Texas compared the hyoid bones (xương móng) of dinosaurs with those of alligators (cá sấu châu Mỹ), crocodiles (cá sấu châu Phi), pterosaurs (thằn lằn bay) and modern birds, they found dinosaurs' hyoid bones were most similar to the hyoid bones of alligators and crocodiles.

The bones, which support the tongue muscle, were short and simple, providing the tongue limited mobility.

"In most extinct dinosaurs their tongue bones are very short," said Julia Clarke, professor at Texas' Jackson School of Geosciences. "And in crocodilians with similarly short hyoid bones, the tongue is totally fixed to the floor of the mouth."

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