"Hard-scrabble" nghĩa là gì?

The faces of foreign policy failure. Photo courtesy Marc Nozell.

'Hard-scrabble' nghĩa là (hoàn cảnh, công việc) khó khăn, vất vả (involving hard work and struggle).

Ví dụ
Her uncle's hardscrabble peanut farm.

It also seemed to confirm what African American men have asserted (khẳng định) for years: that racial profiling can happen to them just as easily on an affluent, predominantly white college campus as it does in hardscrabble black neighborhoods.

However, Mark Twain was more than just an author. The barefoot (chân trần) boy from hardscrabble Hannibal, Mo., rose to become a global celebrity, the most famous American of his time, rivaled only by Teddy Roosevelt (whom he once derided as the “Tom Sawyer of the political world”).

The origins of Obama’s puerile (non nớt, khờ dại) worldview are fairly clear. His absentee (vắng mặt) father may have been an African Muslim, but whatever Barack knows about religion and politics was probably absorbed in hardscrabble Chicago.

Phạm Hạnh

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