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Cách mạng công nghiệp lần 1: điều còn quan trọng hơn động cơ hơi nước là gì?
01 May, 2020
theo nhà kinh tế landes, thì đó là sự phát triển của đồng hồ...
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David S. Landes, a distinguished (biểu lộ những phẩm chất đặc sắc; xuất sắc, lỗi lạc; có dáng vẻ hoặc cung cách đàng hoàng, đạo mạo) Harvard scholar of economic history, saw tidal movements in the rise of seemingly small things. He suggested that the development of eyeglasses made precision tools (thiết bị chính xác) possible. Maybe, he said, using chopsticks (đũa) helped Asian workers gain the manual dexterity (khéo tay) needed to make microprocessors (mạch vi xử lý).
In his 482-page “Revolution in Time: Clocks and the Making of the Modern World” (1983), Professor Landes, who died last month at 89, examined the growth of the industrial age through the history of timepieces, tracing their origin to medieval European monasteries (tu viện châu âu trung cổ); monks, he wrote, needed something to tell them when to gather for a regular round of group prayer.
To Professor Landes, the development of timepieces — more than steamships — drove the industrial age by molding the very culture of capitalism. Factory owners, for example, awarded watches to punctual workers, while workers bought watches to make sure they were not being misused by the factory clock.
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Tags: economics
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