28,53 tỷ USD vốn đầu tư nước ngoài vào Việt Nam trong năm 2020, vì đâu?

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We explore and provide an empirical (theo lối kinh nghiệm, do kinh nghiệm) assessment of an important mechanism by which global markets can motivate labor‐related upgrading among developing country firms. New market opportunities, which result from exogenous (ngoại sinh) shocks, can some producers to improve their treatment of workers. These improvements come because they are consistent with taking advantage of new opportunities. We focus specifically on how shifts (chuyển dịch) in U.S. trade policy (chính sách thương mại) toward China in 2018 affect the willingness of foreign firms operating in Vietnam to engage in upgrading. Our analyses, based on surveys of firms in 2016, 2017, and 2018, suggest that firms respond significantly to changes in market opportunities, especially when they are primed to consider specific supply chain (chuỗi cung ứng) relationships. This market opportunity mechanism for upgrading contrasts with another widely used tool, in which developed country governments condition access to their markets upon improved human and labor rights outcomes. The former operates, in the short to medium term, at the firm level, while the latter seeks to effect change at the country level.