Thế gian vì sao có nhiều tôn giáo như vậy?

và tôn giáo nào cũng coi là Chúa đứng về phía mình, mang những giá trị như mình,

vì, Chúa - có vẻ như - là hình ảnh không ràng buộc để mỗi người dễ dàng phóng chiếu bất kỳ điều gì mình mong muốn...
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Dear Dan,

Why are there so many religions, all of which suggest that God is on their side and holds the same values that they do?
—Moshe

One answer comes from a 2009 study by Nick Epley and some of his colleagues from the University of Chicago, which asked religious (mộ đạo) Americans to state their positions on abortion (nạo thai), the death punishment (tử hình) and the war in Iraq. (This study is described in Dr. Epley's recent book, "Mindwise: How We Understand What Others Think, Believe, Feel, and Want.") Participants were then asked to predict the opinions of a few well-known individuals (such as Bill Gates), President Bush, the "average American," and—and uniquely to this study—God on these issues.

Interestingly, the respondents were rather objective about predicting the opinions held by their fellow humans, but they tended to believe that God had similar opinions to their own. Conservatives believed God was very conservative; liberal believers were certain that God was more lenient (nhân hậu, hiền hậu, khoan dung).

To find out why we can view God so flexibly, a follow-up experiment asked another group of participants to take the position on the death penalty diametrically opposed to their own and argue this viewpoint in front of a camera. A large body of research on cognitive dissonance (bất hòa nhận thức) has shown that people who are forced to argue for an opinion opposite to their actual one feel so uncomfortable with the conflict that they're likely to change their original opinion. After giving their on-camera speech, participants were again asked to express the views on these hot-button issues of the study's famous individuals, President Bush, the "average American" and God.

The results? After expressing the opinion opposite their original one, individuals became more moderate. Those who disliked the death penalty became less opposed, and those who were for it became less so. But there was no such shift in participants' predictions of the opinions of the well-known individuals, President Bush or the "average American." And what about their predictions about God's views? Participants tended to attribute the same position as their own new, more moderate viewpoint to God.

God, apparently, is something of a clean slate (tình trạng không một tí gì ràng buộc) on which we can more easily project whatever we wish. We subscribe to the religious group that supports our beliefs (niềm tin, đức tin), and then interpret (diễn giải) Scripture (Kinh thánh) in a way that supports our opinions. So if there is a God, I believe—no, I'm sure—that that (s)he thinks the way I do.

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