Đức và Nhật hít khói

trong khi đó, ở cửu chân quận, nỗ lực của một người anh để có được xe điện thương hiệu việt cho toàn dân vẫn (liên tục) bị ném đá, và ... cứ phải xe đức, nhật cho nó sang...

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For decades China struggled (cố gắng, nỗ lực, vất vả) in vain (vô ích) to break into the global car market. But in the last two years, that has changed in a big way. Since 2020, Chinese car exports have more than quadrupled:

China is now the world’s biggest auto exporter, having rapidly overtaken Germany and Japan.

A minor factor here is the Russia sanctions (cấm vận), which have caused Russia to start buying its cars from China. But the main reason is the massive shift in the global auto industry, from internal combustion (động cơ đốt trong) cars to electrics.

Internal combustion engines are a complicated (phức tạp) technology, with lots of tacit (ngầm, không nói ra, ngụ ý) knowledge distributed across the workforces of big old companies like Volkswagen, Toyota, and GM. That’s the kind of technology that it’s notoriously (tai tiếng) difficult for Chinese companies to either copy or steal. Also, the global car market was crowded with established brands with established dealer networks (mạng lưới đại lý), mindshare, etc.

Then came the big shift to EVs. Electric motors are a much simpler and more standardized technology than internal combustion engines. And because the technology was new, Chinese companies weren’t at a disadvantage versus foreign incumbents in terms of building up tacit knowledge about how to build EVs cheaply and well.

And China also owns the most important upstream inputs to EVs — most importantly, batteries, and the materials and components used to make batteries.

That means if you’re an automaker located in China, all the batteries are right there; it’s easy to secure as much supply as you want, and it’s quick and cheap to transport the batteries to the factory.

But there’s one more big factor that’s allowing China’s EV industry to leapfrog the world: scale. Because legacy automakers mostly make internal combustion cars, they can’t easily scale their EV businesses. China’s EV companies, starting from scratch (bắt đầu từ con số 0), can pour all of their resources — their engineers, their land, their financial capital — into making EVs, which allows them to make EVs much more cheaply. And because fewer Chinese people had cars of any kind to start with, the domestic Chinese market was able to provide Chinese EV makers with a huge and almost guaranteed source of demand that allowed them to scale up quickly, reducing costs.

Thus it’s no surprise that Europe, which is working hard to switch its car fleet to EVs, has recently become a massive importer of automobiles from China.