Chạy đua tới đất liền hoặc va chạm trên mặt trăng

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Robotic spacecraft have made a series of impacts (loạt các cú va chạm), belly flops (Cú nhảy xuống nước một cách vụng về, bụng đập lên mặt nước gần như nằm ngang) and hard landings — some intentional (chủ ý), others unplanned — since 1959, when the Soviet Union’s Luna-2 became the first probe (tàu thăm dò) to hit the moon.

Seven space programs and one private company have made hard landings on the moon: the Soviet Union, United States, Japan, European Space Agency, India, China, Israel and Ispace. Crash locations are shown on the map below. (SLIM’s landing site is also shown, for comparison.)

Some crashes were setbacks (thất bại). Others were intentional, marking the end of a successful mission. Whatever the cause, space agencies have learned from each collision (va chạm). Crashes can reveal design flaws (lỗi thiết kế) or software glitches (trục trặc phần mềm), and expose material under the lunar surface for future study.

source: nytimes,