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Kiến trúc sư xây dựng cộng đồng đoạt giải Pritzker
07 Mar, 2024
Riken Yamamoto của Nhật Bản được biết đến với thiết kế khiêm tốn truyền cảm hứng kết nối xã hội và tính minh bạch theo nghĩa đen và nghĩa bóng
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Riken Yamamoto, whose understated buildings quietly emphasize community (cộng đồng) and connectivity (kết nối), has been awarded this year’s Pritzker Prize, architecture’s highest honor (giải thưởng cao quý nhất của giới kiến trúc).
The desire to eliminate barriers (mong muốn xóa bỏ rào cản) between public and private realms (cõi riêng) was evident in Yamamoto’s first project, from 1977, a private open-air summer house (nhà nghỉ mùa hè) in the woods of Nagano, Japan. “It has only a roof, no walls,” the 78-year-old architect recalled in a telephone interview from Yokohama, Japan, where he is based. “In the winter season, many of the animals are coming in.”
Similarly, a house in Kawasaki that Yamamoto designed (thiết kế) the following year for two artists featured a pavilion-like room that could serve as a stage for performances, with living quarters underneath.
People continually asked, “Why Yamamoto makes such a strange house?” the architect said. “I explain the meaning every time: The community is the most important thing. Every family has a relation to community.”
The prestigious (danh giá, uy tín) Pritzker award may be most closely associated with “starchitect” (kiến trúc sư ngôi sao) recipients (người nhận) such as Frank Gehry, Rem Koolhaas and Zaha Hadid. But in recent years the jury has also recognized lower-profile designers, such as Francis Kéré of West Africa (2022), Anne Lacaton and Jean-Philippe Vassal (2021) and Yvonne Farrell and Shelley McNamara (2020).
The architect has combined transparency, functionality and accessibility in projects like the Future University, Hakodate (2000), whose underlying philosophy (triết lý cơ bản), “Open Space, Open Mind,” is reflected in Yamamoto’s open spaces. The classrooms, auditorium and library are lined with glass walls and open common areas are placed just outside of the transparent rooms on overlapping levels, encouraging students and teachers to work collaboratively (hợp tác).
Yamamoto has also made an effort to personally give back, collaborating with the architects Toyo Ito and Kazuyo Sejima on disaster-relief community housing following the catastrophic (thảm họa) earthquake and tsunami (sóng thần) that struck Tohoku in 2011 and caused a meltdown (tan chảy) at the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear plant. And in 2018 he instituted the Local Republic Award, to honor young architects.
Often composed of essential, everyday materials like aluminum (nhôm) , glass, concrete (xi măng) and wood, Yamamoto’s buildings don’t call attention to themselves. But their priorities come through loud and clear. “My architecture is a strong message,” Yamamoto said, “to make something in relation to other people.”
source: nytimes,
Tags: Hồng Nhungjapan
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