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Từ Moscow đến Mumbai: Nga xoay trục về phía Nam để thương mại
14 Mar, 2024
từng phụ thuộc vào châu Âu về thương mại, Nga tạo dựng các tuyến đường mới cho phép tránh hạn chế từ phương Tây. Tuyến đường sắt lên kế hoạch xuyên qua Iran có thể là chìa khóa cho tham vọng đó
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That southern route has now become a focus of Russian policymakers (nhà hoạch định chính sách) as they try to build infrastructure for their plans to pivot away from the West for good. The effort faces challenges, including questions over financing (câu hỏi về tài chính), doubts over the reliability (nghi ngờ về độ tin cậy) of Russia’s new partners, and threats of Western sanctions targeting countries that trade with Russia.
A key part of the southern plan is a 100-mile $1.7 billion railway set to begin construction this year that would be the final link in a route between Russia and Iranian ports on the Persian Gulf — providing easy access to destinations like Mumbai, India’s trading capital. Russia has agreed to loan Iran $1.4 billion to finance the project.
President Vladimir V. Putin of Russia has said that the new route (tuyến đường mới) will cut the time for cargo to travel to Mumbai from St. Petersburg to only 10 days, from 30 to 45 days now. Russian officials are calling it a “breakthrough revolutionary project” that will compete with the Suez Canal.
It will also complement Russia’s trading routes toward China, currently its largest trading partner, as those reach overcapacity. Since 2021, just before the full-scale invasion of Ukraine in February 2022, Russia’s trade with China has soared about 63 percent, to more than $240 billion in 2023, according to Chinese figures.
Azerbaijan is eager to compete the link, but Armenia has been reluctant to commit (miễn cưỡng cam kết) to the project over concerns over who would control the tracks through its territory. In Soviet times, they belonged to the Azerbaijani railway. In 2020, Armenia signed an agreement that ceded control of it to the Russian security service.
But Russia, which was once closely allied with Armenia, has become increasingly friendly (ngày càng thân thiện) with Azerbaijan, essentially standing by as Azerbaijan took over full control of the breakaway region of Nagorno-Karabakh, which had been under the control of Armenian separatists for more than three decades. Now, the Armenians want to control its part of the railway link itself, centered on the town of Meghri, strategically placed on the border with Iran.
source: nytimes,
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