"Withdrawal symptoms" nghĩa là gì?

Đại ca thành ma dại... Photo courtesy Jonathan Kos-Read.

'Withdrawal symptoms' nghĩa là triệu chứng vật vã vì thiếu thuốc (the unpleasant physical reaction that accompanies the process of ceasing to take an addictive drug).

Ví dụ
Two people die of withdrawal symptoms after liquor ban in Bihar.

A new study finds that heavy users of cannabis who experience withdrawal symptoms, such as nervousness (bồn chồn) and cravings (cơn thèm), when they quit are likely to use again sooner than others.

People often are reluctant to change medications and can also experience withdrawal symptoms when taken off dopamine agonists, including anxiety (lo âu), panic attacks, depression (trầm cảm), irritability (cáu kỉnh) and fatigue (mệt mỏi).

Phạm Hạnh


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