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Cách mạng công nghiệp 4.0 tác động gì đến ngành dệt may Việt Nam?
09 Oct, 2017
[túc tắc, bình chân như vại]
theo thống kê, năm 2015, trong tổng số 1,63 triệu robots công nghiệp, thì chỉ có 1,580 ở trong ngành dệt may,
tự động hóa công việc của nhà thiết kế, còn dễ hơn nhiều tự động hóa thay công nhân may,
và sự xuất hiện của SoftWear Automation, robot may với công suất = 17 công nhân, thì mới chỉ phục vụ thị trường Mỹ thôi, tiết kiệm chi phí vận chuyển, và bù đắp lao động còn thiếu, sản xuất quân y cho quân đội Mỹ, chứ không phải Bangladesh, Việt Nam thích thì gọi điện đặt hàng robot (thay thế cho dây chuyền của mình) là được đâu, phải... 20-30 năm nữa... (the sewbots will remain in the minority even 20-30 years into the future)
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Of the 1.63m industrial robots in operation worldwide in 2015 (the latest year for which figures are available), only 1,580 were in textiles, apparel and leather, says the International Federation of Robotics (IFR).
It might be “easier to automate the activities of a fashion designer than to automate the people who sew clothing”, suggests Michael Chui of the McKinsey Global Institute.
These pieces of kit are no longer the preserve of high-income countries like Japan or Germany. Of all the industrial robots shipped in 2015, a third ended up in middle-income countries, where they were mostly used in carmaking and electronics, according to IFR. China was the world’s biggest single buyer.
The McKinsey Global Institute calculates that it would be technically possible (if not necessarily economically sensible) to automate 67% of India’s manufacturing employment. It came up with similar figures for Indonesia and Thailand.
...SoftWear Automation occasionally receives calls from Bangladeshi garment-makers, but the company serves only the American market. “If you are looking to deploy our technology because you think you can save labour costs, then it’s the wrong reason to do it,” says Mr Rajan. Instead, his company aims to minimise transport costs, reduce environmental strains and relieve acute American labour shortages. One of their principal customers supplies America’s armed forces, whose uniforms are required by law to be made within the country. This anachronistic legislation is supposed to preserve America’s industrial capacity to make the things its army needs, but “the average age of seamstresses in America is 56,” Mr Rajan points out.
For the foreseeable future, then, the Sewbot is not a threat to the abundant labour in countries like Bangladesh. Its existence owes a lot to some cutting-edge innovation and more than a little to some long-standing American protectionism. Unfortunately, more examples of such protectionism are on the way.
Tags: economics
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