Làm sạch đầm lầy

Jason Crawford nhận thấy điều thú vị là: tỷ lệ tử vong do bệnh truyền nhiễm đã trên đà giảm đều từ rất lâu trước khi có vaccine hay kháng sinh,

ngoài thuốc men và tiêm phòng miễn dịch, có cách khác để "chiến đấu" với vi trùng: đó là làm sạch môi trường, khử trùng :)
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In 1900, the most deaths came from tuberculosis (bệnh nhiễm khuẩn làm hao mòn dần sức khoẻ (xuất hiện những khối u trên mô của cơ thể, nhất là phổi); bệnh lao), influenza/pneumonia (viêm phổi), and gastroenteric (thuộc dạ dày-ruột) diseases such as dysentery (bệnh lỵ). All of these were effectively conquered (chinh phục, khống chế) by antibiotics (kháng sinh) in the 1930s and ’40s, but were on the decline since at least the beginning of the century…

Indeed, digging further into the UK data from the late 1800s, we can see that TB was declining since at least 1850 and gastroenteric disease since the 1870s. And similar patterns hold for lesser killers such as measles (bệnh sởi), which didn’t have a vaccine until the 1960s, but which by then had already declined in mortality by more than 90% from its 1900 levels.

So what was going on? If you read my survey of technologies against infectious disease, you know that other than drugs and immunization (sự tạo miễn dịch, sự chủng ngừa), there is one other way to fight germs (vi trùng, mầm bệnh): cleaning up the environment.

I was surprised to learn that sanitation (vệ sinh) efforts began as early as the 1700s—and that these efforts were based on data collection and analysis, long before a full scientific theory of infection had been worked out.

Tags: health

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