Wirecard phá sản và dấu hỏi chất lượng kiểm toán

Wirecard, công ty công nghệ tài chính (fintech) từng có vốn hóa lớn nhất châu Âu, đã đệ đơn xin phá sản ngày 25/6/2020, chỉ vài ngày sau tin tức lượng tiền mặt 1,9 tỷ euro (khoảng 2,1 tỷ USD) đã “biến mất” khỏi bảng cân đối kế toán của công ty. Hai ngân hàng Phillippines mà Wirecard cho biết đang gửi số tiền này ở đó đã khẳng định là họ chưa bao giờ nhận số tiền đó.
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One year ago, Edo Kurniawan, a jovial (vui vẻ, vui tính) 33-year-old Indonesian who runs the Asia-Pacific accounting and finance operations (hoạt động kế toán và tài chính) for global payments (thanh toán toàn cầu) group Wirecard AG, called half a dozen colleagues into a Singapore meeting room. He picked up a whiteboard pen and began to teach them how to cook the books (xào nấu sổ sách).

His company would soon become one of Germany’s most valuable financial institutions (tổ chức tài chính giá trị lớn nhất nước đức), but as Mr Kurniawan spoke, the task at hand was to create figures (ngụy tạo số liệu) that would convince (thuyết phục) regulators (nhà điều tiết/quản lý) at the Hong Kong Monetary Authority to issue a licence (cấp giấy phép) so Wirecard could dole out (phát chẩn, bố thí, phát nhỏ giọt) prepaid bank cards in the Chinese territory. 

The group was seeking to take over payment operations (tiếp quản, chiếm hoạt động thanh toán từ citigroup) from Citigroup, covering 20,000 retailers in 11 countries stretching from India to New Zealand. Regulatory approvals in every territory were crucial, even if it meant inventing numbers to be used in the Hong Kong licence application. 

Mr Kurniawan then sketched out a practice known as “round tripping”: a lump of money would leave the bank Wirecard owns in Germany, show its face on the balance sheet of a dormant subsidiary in Hong Kong, depart to sit momentarily in the books of an external “customer”, then travel back to Wirecard in India, where it would look to local auditors like legitimate business revenue. 

In isolation, Mr Kurniawan’s scheme might have appeared to be the act of a rogue (thằng đểu, xỏ lá, ba que, lừa đảo) employee in the provincial outpost (tiền đồn) of a little known financial group. But the account of what happened, in a preliminary report on the investigation by one of Asia’s most eminent legal firms, indicated it was part of a pattern of book-padding across Wirecard’s Asian operations over several years. Documents seen by the Financial Times show two senior executives in the Munich head office had at least some awareness of the round-tripping scheme: Thorsten Holten and Stephan von Erffa, respectively the company’s head of treasury and head of accounting.

Tags: finance

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