"Cross-Race Effect" nghĩa là gì?

"Cross-Race Effect" cũng được gọi là Other-Race Effect hoặc Own-Race Bias = hiệu ứng chủng tộc chéo -> lý giải vì sao những người cùng nhóm chủng tộc dễ dàng nhận ra khuôn mặt của nhau hơn so với chủng tộc khác.

Ví dụ

However, Eberhardt noted that kids who grow up in interracial homes don't show as much evidence of the cross-race effect.

The Other-Race Effect, as this psychological shortcoming is called, has been studied for decades. Originally realized during times of mass immigration, it was first recognized by science a century ago. Theories to explain it abound, but two clearly have an edge. The first hypothesis goes something like this: we generally spend more time with people of our own race and thus gain "perceptual expertise" for the characteristics of people who look like us. For example, since Caucasians sport wide variability in hair color, they may grow accustomed to differentiating strangers by looking at their hair. On the other hand, black people show more variability in skin tone, so they might instinctively use skin tone to tell others apart.

However, those raised in more racially homogenous (sự tương ứng/phát sinh nguồn gốc) communities, for instance, may have more difficulty when it comes to telling people from other race groups apart. This sociological and psychological phenomenon is called "own-race bias," and leads to a phenomenon known as the "cross-race effect," in which own-race faces are markedly easier to both distinguish and remember than those of another, less familiar race. The cross-race effect has implications for social interactions at all scales, from socializing in the workplace to eyewitness testimony in the courtroom. But the outlook isn't hopeless - some evidence shows that simply being aware of this psychological bias can help your brain combat it, by focusing on subtler detail when scanning a person's face.

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