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Quá khứ của một quốc gia "xuất khẩu trẻ em"
25 Oct, 2023
những đứa trẻ Hàn Quốc được nhận nuôi trở về nước nhằm yêu cầu chính phủ nước này chịu trách nhiệm cho hệ thống nhận nuôi bị lũng đoạn mà hầu như không thay đổi gì mãi đến những thập kỷ gần đây.
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Mia Lee Sorensen’s Danish parents used to tell her that her birth family in South Korea had put her up for adoption (nhận nuôi). According to her adoption papers, she was born prematurely (sinh non) in 1987 to a family that could not afford (chi trả) her medical bills and wished for her to have a “good future” (vận may) abroad.
But when Ms. Sorensen found her birth parents in South Korea last year, they could not believe she was alive. They told her that her mother had passed out (qua đời) during labor (lâm bồn) and that when she woke up, the clinic (cơ sở y tế) told her that the baby had died.
South Korea has the world’s largest diaspora (di cư không tự nguyện) of intercountry adoptees, with more foreign adoptions overall than any other nation. About 200,000 children have been sent abroad since the end of the Korean War in 1953, mostly to the United States and Europe.
Those adoptions have continued today, even as the country suffers one of the world’s lowest birthrates. In 2021, the top intercountry adoption hubs were Colombia, India, Ukraine and South Korea. (Before the coronavirus pandemic began in 2020, China had topped the list.)
...Profit motives (động cơ) for adoption firms created an incentive in the past to falsify (làm giả) or obscure (che giấu) documents to make more children available for adoption, sometimes without the birth parents’ knowledge. Many unwed (chưa kết hôn) mothers were coerced (cưỡng ép) into signing away their babies even before giving birth. And sometimes there was little or no follow-up from the firms on cases where children struggled with adjustment (điều chỉnh) troubles or abuse in their new homes.
...The baby export business in South Korea began with what critics called a deep-seated xenophobia (bài ngoại) and prejudice (định kiến) against biracial children (con lai hai dòng máu). In its postwar years, the country’s first president, Syngman Rhee, pursued a policy he called “one state for one ethnic people,” which encouraged sending biracial children born to American soldiers and Korean women to “their fathers’ land.”
Many destitute (nghèo khó) mothers of biracial children faced a stark choice: place their babies up for overseas adoption or raise them alone in poverty and disgrace.
source: nytimes,
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