thay vì đặt thầu phụ sản xuất từng bộ phận ở các nước Đông Nam Á, rồi vận chuyển đến Trung Hoa để lắp ráp, rồi cuối cùng lại chuyên chở đến người tiêu dùng, giờ đây nhiều nhà sản xuất có thể sản xuất tại địa phương và chuyển sang just-in-time "Đúng sản phẩm - với đúng số lượng - tại đúng nơi - vào đúng thời điểm cần thiết",
sự chuyển dịch này sẽ loại bỏ chi phí vận chuyển và chi phí lưu kho, cũng như đối phó với vấn đề ngày càng tốn kém hơn là ăn cắp tài sản trí tuệ,
nền sản xuất sẽ quay trở lại các nước giàu, các nước Đông Nam Á mất cơ hội theo đuổi mô hình tăng trưởng dựa trên xuất khẩu, mối đe dọa lớn nhất là đối với tăng trưởng của Trung Hoa...
1 số ví dụ về in 3-D:
In February 2015, Australian researchers printed a jet engine.
IBM developed a 3-D printer capable of printing microchips with nanometer resolution at a fraction of the cost of current manufacturing systems. At the other end of the size spectrum, large printers are producing cars, houses, and even five-story buildings.
UPS created a factory with 100 printers that accepts orders, prices them, prints them, and ships them in the same day from the adjacent UPS shipping facility.
Researchers at the University of Virginia have 3-D-printed a drone in a single day and by adding an Android phone made it autonomous — all for $2,500. ...If aspirations for greater printing speed are met, a factory with only 100 printers and sufficient raw materials could produce 10,000 such autonomous drones a day. Long-range air and undersea autonomous drones are being produced today, and manufacturers are competing hard to reduce the price. Thus naval and air forces will also be at risk from cheap, smart, long-range weapons.
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3-D printing, married with artificial intelligence and robots, will disrupt manufacturing globally. It will radically alter who makes what where. Rather than subcontracting the production of components to Southeast Asia, shipping those components to China for assembly, and finally shipping them to consumers, many manufacturers will produce locally and switch to just-in-time production schedules. This shift will eliminate shipping and inventory costs as well deal with the increasingly costly problem of intellectual property theft. Local production will result in major reductions in the globalization of manufacturing and thus change the economic element of the global strategic environment. As manufacturing returns to rich countries, it will deprive the nations of Southeast Asia of the opportunity to pursue export-based growth. Perhaps the greatest threat is to Chinese growth. Even as its growth settles to a new, lower, normal, China struggles to shift from an export-based economy to a consumption-based one. If China cannot make the shift before the additive manufacturing results in localized manufacturing, it will suffer major negative impacts on growth.
