Amakudari nghĩa là gì?

Photo by Pauline Loroy on Unsplash.

Amakudari (天下り, amakudari, "descent from heaven") = the institutionalized practice where Japanese senior bureaucrats retire to high-profile positions in the private and public sectors; (tiếng nhật) nghĩa là hiện tượng quan chức khi về hưu lập ra các trung tâm, cơ quan ma ngồi lấy chỗ hoặc về các công ty, tổ chức làm cố vấn đọc báo ăn lương; "từ trên trời rớt xuống", "thiên tướng hạ phàm", hat tip to Nguyễn Quốc Vương. Trong tiếng anh, có khái niệm tương tự là Revolving door (cửa xoay) (từ nhà nước ra làm tư nhân, từ tư nhân vào nhà nước).

Ví dụ
Given the education ministry’s systemic amakudari practice (thông lệ), Chief Cabinet Secretary Yoshihide Suga said the same day the government will investigate (điều tra) all ministries (bộ) to see whether similar practices had been carried out elsewhere.

An outright violation (vi phạm trắng trợn) of the legal rules on amakudari is out of the question, but it will be no less problematic if the practice is kept going in covert ways or by circumventing the rules (lách luật). The government should get to the bottom of what’s essentially wrong with the practice and take relevant steps (các bước đi/hành động tương ứng/liên quan).

In 2007, lawmakers reformed legislation on the re-employment of civil servants to combat the long-standing cultural practice of amakudari (descent from heaven) by which retired bureaucrats secure cushy jobs in sectors they used to oversee. The practice serves as a potential vehicle for corruption (tham nhũng).

In this prevalent practice of amakudari, retired government officials are given lucrative jobs (công việc béo bở/nhiều lợi lộc) in private sector companies, which in turn hope to have quick access to information (tiếp cận thông tin) on government policies (chính sách của nhà nước) concerning their sectors via the former bureaucrat’s connections. The conduct of the dismissed internal affairs vice minister highlights the murky (tối tăm, u ám, âm u) nature of this practice. That the very official at the top position of the bureaucracy — who is supposed to oversee the entire organization — engaged in such an act highlights the grave nature of the problem.

Phạm Hạnh

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