"Dunning–Kruger effect" nghĩa là gì?

ảo tưởng mình khôn... Photo by MayoFi on Unsplash.

"Dunning–Kruger effect" = hiệu ứng Dunning–Kruger -> nghĩa là một dạng thiên kiến nhận thức (cognitive bias) trong đó mọi người đánh giá khả năng nhận thức của họ cao hơn năng lực thực tế. Sự thiên vị nhận thức này chịu ảnh hưởng của ảo tưởng tự tôn (illusory superiority), xuất phát từ việc mọi người không thể nhận ra sự thiếu khả năng của họ; đặt theo tên hai nhà tâm lý học xã hội David Dunning và Justin Kruger.

Ví dụ
At the company I helped start, Alpha Health, we use automation (tự động hóa) at the crossroads of machine learning (học máy) and healthcare. But it is automation with a human touch. We designed this system to be flexible (linh hoạt) enough to allow for the outlying events or functions that we haven't yet anticipated (chưa dự đoán được) — the unknown unknowns, if you will. It's essential to understand a bit about the Dunning-Kruger effect and the blind spots we all have as humans to grasp why this is significant. 

In recent decades, psychologists (nhà tâm lý) have revealed that we are beholden to all sorts of biases (thiên kiến) and mental blind spots (điểm mù trí tuệ) that put a positive spin on our characters. In one study from the 1960s of drivers (tài xế) hospitalised (nhập viện) by car accidents (tai nạn ô tô), for instance, all judged their driving ability to be better than average. This “illusory superiority” (ảo tưởng tự tôn) bias has been demonstrated many times since. Indeed, it turns out that the worse we are at a particular task, the less likely we are to recognise our own incompetence – something known as the Dunning-Kruger effect.

At the same time, more individuals are trading stocks and options (ngày càng nhiều cá nhân giao dịch cổ phiếu và quyền mua). What’s driving this behavior?
I think there are a few things happening. First of all, we have the classic Dunning-Kruger effect, which predicts that people who are the most ignorant (ngu dốt) about something will be the least aware of their own ignorance. They have the highest sense of false confidence. Meanwhile, things like Robinhood [the zero-commission trading app] have made it easy to trade, and there’s been a huge marketing push that actually has coincided with Covid-19. I’m not a fan of these platforms, by the way, because I think they take advantage of (lợi dụng) people who have no idea what they’re doing and who might end up losing a lot of money. I also think that with so many things being out of our control, people see this as a way of reclaiming agency and being able to actually play with risks, but on their own terms, or so they think.

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