"Bystander effect" nghĩa là gì?

"Bystander effect" = hiệu ứng người ngoài cuộc -> nghĩa là hiện tượng số lượng người có mặt càng đông thì khả năng giúp đỡ người gặp nạn càng thấp. Khi tình huống khẩn cấp xảy ra, người quan sát có khả năng hành động cao hơn nếu có ít hoặc không có nhân chứng khác. Trở thành một phần của đám đông khiến chúng ta không phải chịu trách nhiệm cho hành động (hoặc không hành động); 'hiệu ứng bàng quang'.

Ví dụ

Students of psychology (tâm lý) or New York City history might remember the example of Kitty Genovese–the young woman murdered in Queens in 1964, who reportedly screamed out to more than three dozen (tá, nhiều) people as she was being assaulted, then died without receiving any help. The case shocked American sensibilities and led to the recognition (sự thừa nhận) of the “bystander effect,” which means the presence of bystanders at an accident tends to make each of them slower and less likely to report the problem.

School bullying is one of Lookism's primary themes, and it depicts (mô tả) this ruthlessly, and without students or authority figures stepping in to stop it. This is an all too familiar realistic social issue where bullying (bắt nạt) at school is tolerated in the way that students and staff know that bullying is a part of life yet seem to not put any effort into proactively stopping it. Kyoto Animation's psychological drama film, A Silent Voice, also depicts childhood bullying in a way that could make audiences' blood boil due to the bystander effect that takes place.

“I don’t know if she recognized it, I don’t know if she looks back and is grateful that I said ‘Hi’ every day. But, the point is, I did something, and I didn’t have to go report the bullying, I didn’t have to go up to someone and say, ‘Don’t do that, that’s mean.’ I didn’t have to put myself in that situation, but I did do something small, and I think that’s the whole point of today. Really small acts are super-heroic (siêu anh hùng),” Bendiksen said, although the “sad reality is most of us do absolutely nothing,” according to research on people’s behaviors on whether they help others in need. These include the bystander effect (an expectation that someone else will handle the situation when there are more people) and other factors, like uncertainty, fear, and a lack of confidence or skills.

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