"Supremacy Clause" nghĩa là gì?

"Supremacy Clause" = điều khoản tối cao -> nghĩa là trong Điều VI của Hiến pháp Mỹ tuyên bố hiến pháp, luật pháp và các hiệp ước của chính phủ liên bang là luật tối cao của đất nước mà thẩm phán ở mọi tiểu bang phải tuân theo bất kể nó trái với luật tiểu bang.

Ví dụ

DOJ says Arizona is violating the U.S. Constitution's supremacy clause that holds that -- when there's a conflict -- federal laws take priority over state laws.

The supremacy clause establishes that the federal constitution overpowers the state constitution, thus a lower federal judge should have the final word over a lower state court. "My take on it was this is a decision that directly affects what the Ohio Department of Health does," Gallagher said. "Therefore, it affects what I do because... the Department of Health needs an order from me to do something."

What the respondents are arguing for is a very deferential standard. It is the norm that the federal courts can’t really tell the state courts how to interpret their own laws unless a federal right has been violated. The typical way in which we see the Supreme Court get involved in state law is they say that something about the state law or something about what the state court did violated a federal statutory (luật liên bang) or constitutional right. And because of the supremacy clause in our U.S. Constitution, federal law trumps conflicting state law, so they can do that. But if a state court is just saying, “This is what state law is,” it’s a much different question about whether or not the federal court can say, “No, you’re wrong about what the state can do, what the state law means.”

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